Differentiate between grievance and discipline Essay

Organization’s viability depends on its way of life and the board practice structure that lead towards keeping up the amicability of authoritative presentation and controlling the conduct and demeanor of its representatives. Directors are required to keep up the work environment condition through distinguishing the potential frail territories that lead towards in-disciplinary practices of representatives. Order at working environment helps control and standardize the conduct of representatives through different systems. Organization may utilize exacting disciplinary activities to cause workers to adjust their activities to the desires for the executives or may go for bunch standard strain to normalize employees’ conduct. Manager’s job is basic in such circumstance as it places incredible duty on him for driving the workers for ensuing better. Supervisor may practice exacting standards to adjust the conduct of workers that are joined by punishments/discipline sanctions on representatives. Corporate culture seeing needs to obviously pass on towards workers for beneficial gathering conduct. In any case, it has been seen that occasionally severe control additionally leads towards lower execution influencing the authoritative adequacy. Imbalance among representatives concerning prizes and treatment b the board bring about incredible disappointment; discipline activities when over displayed on certain individuals, it lead towards unfair conduct. Complaint is in this way a system to introduce the perspective to senior administration concerning the disparity and wrongness of disciplinary activities of association. Control is along these lines a lot of activities to direct and normalize the worker disposition and conduct, while complaint is a methodology to report the bad form and imbalance being looked by representatives to higher dynamic power. Hierarchical equity structure depends on these two parts that empower directors to make sense of the sources that lead towards complaint in workers. Control assists associations with keeping up the agreement and adequacy of work environment condition; rules, arrangements and standard methodology empowers direct the worker conduct and keep up association culture. Imbalance in hierarchical culture and failure of the executives to give differing working environment condition either because of cliché reaction towards a specific gathering or limiting the choices just to a specific gathering alluding to nepotism. Inadequacy of hierarchical system to deal with the circumstances and workers conduct brings about separation and gathering based structure in representatives for the assurance of their privileges. Association based culture is increasingly basic in government oversaw association where representatives have joined separate associations for the security of their work environment rights. Control requires modifications in rules and working environment strategies tending to the dimensional parts of carelessness, worker wellbeing, inadequacy, rights security, work environment standards, and hierarchical culture desires. Rules identifying with representative conduct, discipline and punishments, admonitions, and other authoritative perspectives present a reasonable desire to workers identified with working environment condition and operational administration style. Enlistment of rules is important to be passed on to new comers in association with the goal that procedural component turns out to be clear identified with worker activities, bunch standards, and administrative activities relating to representative conduct. Administrators must give representatives clear understanding about the work setting and authoritative culture through their activities and reactions towards dealing with the fairness at work environment. Cliché reactions by representatives, and gathering arrangement dependent on race/ethnic rights assurance in working environment that are delineated as separation in worker treatment, rewards and pay scale offering, and vocation development openings limitations to a specific gathering bring about occupation disappointment and decrease in authoritative responsibility. In such case, if a representative needs to introduce his perspectives concerning imbalance at working environment administrator must survey the circumstance affectability and elements that lead towards complaint documenting. Senior administration must shape an unmistakable target complaint direct so as to address such issues brought up in association. The executives must place accentuation on decency of choice by giving equivalent portrayal rights to representatives. Procedural strides for complaint hearing and choices must be restricted to certain degree of chain of command for expanding the reaction time to determine complaint issues. Senior administration can frame a board of trustees tending to complaint issues of worker having portrayal of lower level chief and in any event one part portrayal from senior administration holding dynamic force. This leads towards keeping up association equity and shows adequacy of associations structure for formalizing the system. Along these lines, order and complaint in join are basic part of vital organization’s system for equity. Chief need to keep up the control of worker and must even out the complaint system to keep up the authoritative adequacy by giving equivalent chance to all representatives to report any components that lead towards work disappointment. Protest recording system formalization streamlines the equivocalness concerning the administration point of view and capacity of workers to report any bad form. Control of rules and disciplinary activities confine the open doors for correspondence at work environment. One-sided conduct brings about abusing the standards of adaptability and opportunity of voice portrayal by workers. Formalizing the guidelines and composed approach method reinforce the order at work environment that bolsters the hierarchical equity system. Complaint procedural advances must be characterized in strategy structure to diminish vagueness and giving representatives chance to practice their privileges in circumstance when the go up against segregation at working environment; supervisor must offer help in evaluating the elements feasibility and planned job to limit the excitement of such complaint factor once more.

“A Martian Sends A Postcard Home” by Craig Raine Essay

In â€Å"A Martian Sends a Postcard Home,† Craig Raine utilizes numerous illustrations to portray what a Martian would check whether he came to earth. In the principal refrain Raine utilizes similitudes to portray what a Martian may think a book resembles. Raine makes reference to William Caxton, who was the first to print books in England, in the principal refrain; â€Å"Caxtons are mechanical fowls with numerous wings/and some are cherished for their markings. A book would look like a feathered creature when opened, the wings being the numerous pages, and numerous books have denoted a spot in history or is treasured by the individual understanding it. In the following four lines the Martian watches the various feelings one may have while perusing a â€Å"mechanical bird,† and in spite of the fact that he’s never saw one really flying, which is inconceivable, he sees that they are some of the time in someone’s hand. In verses five and six the Martian is attempting to clarify haze. â€Å"Rain is the point at which the earth is TV/It has the property of making hues darker,† meaning when the hues are changed on a TV the image would look muddled, and shady even. Raine basically depicts a vehicle as a â€Å"Model T,† in the following two refrains. Disclosing a vehicle to be â€Å"a stay with the lock inside,† is an innovative representation. By composing â€Å"But time is attached to the wrist/or kept in a container, ticking with impatience,† Raine is communicating that the Martian is experiencing a watch or a clock. In verses ten through twelve the Martian has happened upon a phone, which he depicts as a â€Å"haunted apparatus,† which normally â€Å"sleeps,† and cries, or rings until it is gotten. Raine likewise adds the component of funniness to the sonnet, a model is in the twelfth verse when he composes, â€Å"And yet they wake it up/intentionally, by tickling with a finger.† The Martian accepts that people â€Å"tickle† the keypad with their fingers, when they’re making a call. â€Å"A discipline room/with water yet nothing to eat,† is a restroom. The Martian sees that â€Å"Only the youthful are permitted to endure openly,† which is truly when I youngster would get their diaper changed, and grown-ups must be separated from everyone else when they go to the â€Å"punishment room.† Finally, in the last two verses the Martian is depicting the evening schedule of people, â€Å"At night when all the hues kick the bucket/they stow away two by two/and read about themselves/in shading, with their eyes shut,† as it were by the day's end people shut their eyes to nod off and dream. This sonnet utilizes a different similitudes to portray what a Martian wouldâ encounter on the off chance that he visited Earth. The sonnet is intriguing to peruse in light of the fact that it requires the peruser to utilize their creative mind, the peruser must think so as to make sense of these ordinary things the Martian is seeing just because, it’s fairly a brainteaser. It’s clear that the Martian is seeing these things just because, it makes the peruser wonder why a basic thing, for example, a watch or a clock isn't found on his planet, is time unimportant were he’s from?

Financial and Human Resources Management - SEEN EXAMINATION Essay

Money related and Human Resources Management - SEEN EXAMINATION - Essay Example These archives look to show the conceivable expense of effectively completing the development venture, on the off chance that it is granted. Conversely, offering alludes both to the refinement of conditions so as to show up at the last and most balanced cost, and the, legally binding terms that must be submitted to advertisers or their delegates. The subsequent stage (likewise alluded to as offer settling), involves assessment of the plausible safety buffers in set up quotes, potential dangers, just as the probable monetary effects of finishing the venture. Choices that are made by official work force with respect to offer mediation are normally affirmed at a proper show as Gray and Larson, (2003) notes. Such a conventional gathering to settle on choices with respect to offer arbitration happens a few days before arrangement of the last offer. This gives sufficient time to free appraisal from offer accreditations before genuine offering. The proper gathering likewise guarantees that all the pertinent data is considered before a contractual worker is picked, in this manner abstaining from choosing a temporary worker that can't completely convey on venture necessities. The contemplations made by directors incorporate factors, for example, intense rivalry, vulnerability in quotes, lacking or poor data in regards to a specific venture, and dangers related with creation or task usage. These viewpoints must be adequately examined, since, as Akintoye and Fitzgerald (2000, p. 164) propose, â€Å"the most critical elements bringing about off base assessments incorporate deficient time for delicate readiness; poor delicate documentation; inadequate investigation of the documentation by the evaluating group and absence of survey of quotes by organization management.† Despite the wide variety of difficulties, official work force need to settle on fitting arbitration choices dependent on these components. The viewpoints that impact management’s choices during the critical offering procedure and settling specifically can be ordered, as indicated by Betts (1990, pp. 402-408), into three classes including employment, market, and friends related elements. The five star of employment related viewpoints, represents components that are legitimately connected to the particular task or undertaking type. A large portion of these variables are assessed over the span of getting ready offers and an examination of these viewpoints is passed on to pertinent gatherings in the mediation show. Market-related dynamic components, represent the outer impacts, for example, rivalry from different contractual workers. Investigation of angles like outer rivalry may empower the separate firm to plan methodologies that would help in expanding upper hand. At long last, as Betts (1990, p. 403) states â€Å"company-related variables that impact dynamic in the settling procedure, include: the business’ objectives and targets, just as, its corporate arrangement on bidding.† Adjudicators, for the most part contained ranking executives or directors, are assumed, as Young, (2003), notes, to assess the previously mentioned factors and related data, in exploring venture quotes and finishing the cost of the agreement. As appeared in the evaluation above, there are various contemplations in the offering procedure. In this manner, leaders should completely fathom the specified targets and objectives of the procedure, notwithstanding evaluated venture costs, so as to guarantee that offering is reasonable and that it is lined up with the

What You Should Do to Find Out About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind Choosing Good Christian Classical Education Essay Samples School board elections can turn into the focus of the whole community. Children spend most of their childhood within it. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Christian Classical Education Essay Samples This genuinely eases the undertaking of the admission official and raises the possibility of you receiving your admittance letter. He might acknowledge or may decline anything what's going on outside. Rather than lifting up our very best students as proof that we're doing things the correct way, our response to their success needs to be gratitude. If people know they need to serve a specific quantity of time they'll be better able to apply it to their hedonistic calculus. But aside from that, I don't have any clue. The Hidden Treasure of Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Singing is a fundamental portion of worship to God. Christian education starts with the reality of God. My life is entirely un-figured out. But of the knowledge that's eternal life it doesn't directly state. The Truth About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Classical Christian Homeschooling is presently adding to our incomplete website. That's the most important purpose of Classical Education. You visit the Classical Writing website to set an order. Many Christian schools have borrowed secular facets and western traditions from some other regions of the world. This was the focus for a lot of the time leading to the Age of Enlightenment. While picking out a topic, make certain it is not really common and make sure it emphasizes on your strengths and uniqueness. There are lots of benefits to private schools. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples However, since this sort of education comes of age, it has to be wary of certain temptations. However, among the implications or dangers is the lack of a firm Biblical base. Although this complaint has merit in many instances, we must take care lest our schools fall into exactly the same pit. Its nuisance-value is extremely significant. Here's What I Know About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Needless to say, the assigned texts are edited. This does not automatically mean our teaching must always incorporate the usage of literary devices. Musical instruments weren't allowed due to their heathen usage. The curriculum that's employed in Christian education is of utmost importance. Engaging our students in this sort of conversation demands a curriculum allows us to achieve that. Philosophy of Curriculum Education and academics is part of curriculum, where the teachers and the parents work together to make sure the emotional growth and social development of the student. This is the sole way to create Christian education successful. Therefore, it's important to ge t a sound Christian education so as to distinctively develop a Christian philosophy. The first thing which makes an exemplary Christian education is wisdom. That is a really Christian education. Another point is that several offenders aren't mindful of the punishment for those crimes they commit, so they don't know the complete extent to which their actions could be punished. Bentham introduced the notion of utilitarianism which believes that individuals should work to accomplish the absolute most happiness for the most people in the people. Our focus should always be on the 1 thing that really determines our successGod's power and promises. Thus, folks make decisions to commit crime depending on the rational selection of will pleasure outweigh pain. In case the punishment isn't always equal in severity to the harm resulting from the crime, then people are somewhat more likely to commit crimes should they believe the punishment doesn't match the advantage of committing it. I n this came the notion of deterrence. Make certain the tone of your essay doesn't deviate from the true topic at any point. After the reader finds the introduction to be impressive, they might arrive at the immediate conclusion you've composed the essay without deviating from the subject and concluded perfectly. Within this stage, the kid is in a parrot'' stage of repeating what they're told. What About Christian Classical Education Essay Samples? This pattern stayed in place for an extremely long time period. I understand that's the way that it's supposed to be. In the recent days, everything appears to repeat at the same time. The Fight Against Christian Classical Education Essay Samples 1 way to accomplish this is to begin the essay with a strong introduction that provides a synopsis of the essay and also comprises a vital sentence to the topic. The very first step is to select a suitable essay topic and the selection of the subject depends upon the Christian Institut ion of your selection. Even in the event the application demands no essay, it is suggested to incorporate the writings anyway. If you own an issue writing Classic essays, online writing experts will be able to help you. Getting the Best Christian Classical Education Essay Samples I don't understand what I'll do. All of these are writings which are in the public domain. Teachers may change the inner aspects only by appropriately utilizing the outer facets. The Appeal of Christian Classical Education Essay Samples So while I don't utilize CCE myself, I've had a superb bit of exposure to the programs. This is since this is only a process, where the truth is communicated an implemented during the classroom activity. An unusual quality of the whole program is the fashion you purchase it. It sounds complex like I write about the program, but when you have the pattern down, it ought to be a straightforward practice. Top Christian Classical Education Essay Samples Secrets More over, there's a set of grammar flashcards at the close of the book that you need to cut out and laminate. The crucial issue is happening within the student.

The Threat Of Terrorism Has Become A Major Issue For...

Nurses play a pivotal role in urban communities, when it comes to health care and disaster planning. Nurses need to comprehend their role in response to terrorist events, since they implement assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the victims of terrorism, as well as disaster planning and response, at both the individual and community level. (Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. 2006) The threat of terrorism has become a major issue for public health systems across the United States, and teaching urban and rural communities to plan ahead has become an important factor in disaster preparedness. Community awareness, education, and engagement can be provided not only through formal public health and public safety mechanisms and the local media, but also through a range of unique ways such as community groups, health organizations, and religious groups. These groups provide not only information, but also social support for participation in the planning and response effort that will help individuals stay engaged over time, even during times of perceived â€Å"low risk† when preparedness can become pervasive and forgotten about. Communities should carefully examine their own assets, and use them to build and plan a system to use if they were to ever have a disaster occur. When disaster hits, its inevitable, which is why planning ahead of time within communities is important to implement. A key asset is the relationships that already exist among potential planning partners in the community; theseShow MoreRelatedBiological Agent Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesvirus could spread before we even know that it has spread. One very easy way of launching a biological attack is through the use of our aviation transportation system. At airports such as the George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, the Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida, the Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, and the John F. Kennedy International Airport, in New York, which are gateways to every major city in the United States, processed thousandsRead MoreTerrorism, The Nuclear Hazard And Black Market1234 Words   |  5 Pagespreeminent threats to security and the sense of freedom from those threats are terrorism, the nuclear hazard and black market in materiel. These three security issues, not only affect national and international security, but also societal and economic security. Terrorism, has maintained the status as a preeminent threat in the modern world today, but has also become a worldwide phenomenon that has impacted not only in the Middle East but also in the Western World alike. Terrorism has rapidly becomeRead MoreLeading Group Challenges1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfor their operations. Budget cuts trigger staffing reductions for criminal justice managers. Personnel reduction makes it hard for officers to train for response to volatile public safety threats. These budget cuts also influence decisions on how to deal with offenders. Budget cuts over time can force the criminal justice system to spend less money on probation and parole supervision that help to keep prison populations lower. These same budget cuts can result in staff reduction in prisons, the closingRead MoreCritical Infrastructure : The United States Forward As A World Dominating Force Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength to the country’s wealth, health and security. We use them every day in our lives, it is the bridges we cross when we go to work, and it is the planes, trains, and automobiles that move the citizens throughout the nation. It is these types of critical infrastructure that keep our homes lit at night, the water we bathe in and drink, and it provides a multitude of communication structures that help us stay in touch with our loved ones. The nation must demand these systems continue to work to live fullRead MoreHomeland Security And The Security1435 Words   |  6 Pagesnation’s borders and securing the safety of the citizens has been a major topic since the beginning of the nation’s existence. There have always been means and procedures for it but it was never defined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being provided so asRead MoreThe Similarities And Difference Between Homeland Security Vs. Homeland Security1358 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity and Homeland Defense, terms that are often used interchangeably, actually have somewhat different meanings as they each have a different scope. Homeland Security is a term that has come into use much more frequently foll owing the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, whereas Homeland Defense is a system that has been in place for a longer period of time. Both of these have goals that both overlap, and yet are distinctly different. To better understand the similarities and differences let usRead MoreTerror of the 21st Century: Terrorism1315 Words   |  6 Pages Terror of the 21st century Terrorism happens every day in modern life and we are oblivious to it. Day cares have children bullying others. Beating up families to prove to their rivals they mean business is just one of the100 plus definitions of terrorism. There are many types of terrorism and each one is different butone thing is certain, terrorism is a threat to global society. Terror comes from a Latin term,terrere meaning to frighten and this was use was used by the Romans to describe the terrorRead MoreThe Goals Of Risk Management Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe goal of risk management is to identify and eliminate or evade potential vulnerabilities and threats that are not wanted because it creates losses. The fundamentals concepts and principals of Risk Management apply at home, at work, in the community, and at critical infrastructure locations in because there are risks that can cause losses at these places which should be identified and escaped. For instance, at home there are many vulnerabilities which should be found and ways to evade them determinedRead MoreTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism1793 Words   |  8 Pagesprinciple aim of preventing terrorism and anticipating potential terrorist threats to the community. There are both positive and negative implications of counter-terrorism policing in the administration of justice in Australia. This essay will explore these implications and discuss how such matters affect Australians. In specifically negative effects such as counter-terrorism operations often being directed at specific groups, defined on the basis of origin or religion. Terrorism comes from the FrenchRead MoreMethods to Counter Terrorism2293 Words   |  10 PagesTERRORISM AND MEASURES TO CTR THIS THREAT TERRORISM AND MEASURES TO CTR THIS THREAT Introduction 1. The menace of terrorism is the most clear and present danger at this point in time. The word terrorism was first used in France to describe a new system of government adopted during the French revolution (1789-1799). The reign of terror was intended to promote democracy and popular rule by ridding the revolution of its enemies and thereby purifying it. However, the oppression and violent excesses

Effects Of Long Term Space Flight - 1279 Words

Meghan Stavig ESS102 Research Paper 1/17/2015 Effects of Long Term Space Flight We’ve all heard about the rigorous mental and physical tests that astronaut candidates must go through in order to be considered to be sent into space; but what is the methodology behind them? What most laymen’s’ overlook when they think ‘Astronaut’ is the extreme physical and mental taxation that is associated with space flight. Astronauts will have to endure long-term isolation, monotony, limited mobility and close living quarters amongst each other for months and potentially years at a time. This can lead to many health issues; the sanitary conditions of the spacecraft must be impeccable. Mentally, these extenuating circumstances can lead to depression,†¦show more content†¦The calcium and phosphorous is excreted through human waste, causing kidney stones in many cases [3]. The most affected bones consist of the heel, femoral neck, lumbar spine and pelvis. Astronauts spend between 2-5 hours a day exercising to try to decrease this atrophy , but will still experience varying levels of bone and muscle loss [3]. The use of artificial gravity could mitigate this problem, and is currently being researched and designed. Along with bone loss, Astronauts will also experience growth in height, by about 3% [3]. Without gravity, the human spine isn’t weighed down and has room to expand. This causes severe back and muscle aches, and makes exercising harder and more painful. Once astronauts return to Earth, they will return to their normal height [3]. Another major problem associated with humans in space flight is radiation poisoning [5]. Astronauts will be exposed to extremely high levels of ionizing radiation (radiation consisting of particles, x-rays, or gamma rays with sufficient energy to cause ionization—acquires a negative or positive charge) from cosmic rays and solar flares. Astronauts will â€Å"see† flashes of light while their eyes are closed, these are actually cosmic rays slashes through their brains [5]. This form of radiation can damage human cells, potentially leading to a diminished immune system and a higher risk of cataracts, cancer, heart disease, damage to the central nervous system

Teen Pregnancyâ€A Social Issue free essay sample

After researching various statistics, I found that premarital pregnancy is quite prevalent in teenagers throughout the world. Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face when it interrupts school or other plans. It can create an emotional crisis resulting in feelings of shame and fear, and it may appear that you will crumble under pressures in your environment. The stress of how one would break the news to their parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task. People might think that they can help others, or one might be too embarrassed to search for help. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is too mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss the issues that one must have been exposed to in their society, the society of their home, community, school. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are having so many children out of wedlock. However, the facts are obvious—teenaged females are highly influenced by many social issues, but those with the lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy. As one travels the globe, they will find that industrialized and developing countries have distinctly different rates of teenage pregnancy. In the online article, â€Å"Teen Pregnancy on the Rise,† Sipokazi Maposa says that in developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social issues: lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and no strong parental guidance in the teenagers life. Maposa discusses the challenges which teens in Africa face as the teenage pregnancy rate increase. She contributes a wealth of information as to why teens have children at such a young age. Maposa suggests that the primary reason for teen pregnancy is the lack of communication between them and their parent(s). This is a useful source because it shows how teenage pregnancy is a more of a social issue than physical or emotional issue. Teens that have no strong father figure or parental guidance will be more likely to have children at an early age. The child provides posit ive regard (love), affection, and fulfills the social loss. Therefore, the article shows the effects that lack of parental guidance, sex education, and mass media has on teenage pregnancy, and how it relates teenage pregnancy to foster homes. Most people who are put into foster homes do not come from parents of strong guidance, because indeed they lost their children. An online report, â€Å"Fostering Hope: Preventing Teen Pregnancy among Foster Youth† examined how teenage pregnancy relates to foster care sates Love. The reports shows that foster youth that have lost their parents and end up in a foster home are less prone to having teenage pregnancies. Therefore, the correlation breaks because even though youth do not have their biological parents they still have some type of parental guidance. Consequently, most foster homes do have strong parental guidance, control over sex education, and negative mass media because there are so many restrictions as to what foster homes can and cannot perform by law. With this information, one would conclude that when someone is put into a foster home they turn out not to be pregnant at a one age. This is true according to a study performed to examine how common teenage pregnancy is among young women in and aging out of foster care and to determine whether the risk of becoming pregnant can be reduced by extending foster care beyond age 18. Amy Dworsky states that the study used data from the first two waves of the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth, a longitudinal study of foster youth making the transition to adulthood in three Midwestern states, as well as the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Dworsky examined the relationship between care status and the risk of teenage pregnancy. Foster youth are more likely to experience teenage pregnancy than their peers in the general population, but staying in care seems to mitigate their risk of becoming pregnant even after the effects of other factors are taken into account. The findings of the study was to provide additional evidence of the need for a more concerted effort by child welfare agencies to help youth in foster homes avoid becoming pregnant. It would suggest that allowing young people to remain in foster care beyond age 18 may be one way to reduce teenage pregnancy among this population. Even the federal government has found teenage pregnancy to be a social issue in which lack of parental guidance, sex education, and positive media has been recognized. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), teenage pregnancy has been rising steadily from 1987 to 1991; the birthrate for teens aged 15-19 declined for 10 straight years, from a high of 62.1 per 1,000 teens aged 15-19 in 1991 to a record low of 45.9 in 2001, according to preliminary figures. The birthrate for young teenagers aged 15-17 fell 8 percent from 2000 to 2001, reaching 25.3 births per 1,000 teenagers. All 50 states had a decline in their teen birthrates between 1991 and 2000, with 10 states recording declines of more than 20 percent during this period. Recent declines in both birth and abortion rates indicate that teen pregnancy rates are continuing to fall. Overall teen pregnancy rates have dropped 19 percent since 1991. About 900,000 pregnancies occur each year among American teenagers aged 15-19. Most of these pregnancies are unintended. Almost 190,000 teens aged 17 and younger have children are not in school, have no parents around, and are overtaken by the imagery of mass media. After seeing those statistics, if makes one wonder if there are any more studies which will create a solution. President George Bush and the HHS sent researchers to Detroit, Michigan for a study to be conducted. They have found that the increase in teenage pregnancy has arisen out of social issues as well. The article â€Å"Teen Pregnancy† focuses on the potentials causes: society, individual families, and media. The article states how society has embraced teenage pregnancy in the United States. Society relates to our schools and media which have caused teen pregnancy to increase. Finally, the report presented solutions to the decrease teenage pregnancy: create pregnancy-prevention programs, public attention on interventions, and highlight the challenges of becoming a teenage parent. All of the solutions will be effective, encouraging, and empowering. â€Å"There are significantly more teenage pregnancies in the United States than all other developing countries,† state s Cleo Moore in the Complete and Authoritative Guide. He also claims that out of every five women in their teens, two will become pregnant in the United States. Teen pregnancy rates have increased 23% from 1972 to 1990. In order to come to a solution it is important to examine why teenage pregnancy is so high in the United States. When one analyzes teen pregnancy, an effective way to get to the root of the problem is using the critical component of the sociological imagination. Mass media is designed to reach large audiences with technology. Its purpose is meant to give us entertainment and information we need to act as a society. Media is everywhere; there is no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has at least one TV, the internet, and a cell phone. You cannot drive down the street without seeing billboard signs. Checking out at the grocery store can be tricky if trying to avoid magazines. There are more forms of media available today than ever before; consequently, teens are exposed to a lot of information. The media is supposed to portray what is normal; therefore, it affects what society considers normal. Teens are much more impressionable then adults. What the media tells them is normal affects them more. The media’s portrayal of body image affects teens negatively through using stereotypes, encouraging sexual behavior, and promoting unnecessary products. The media portrays single parent homes, teen pregnancy, and the social issue th at America faces in a positive light. Music Television (MTV) has several shows which portray teen pregnancy as a positive attribute of life: Teen Mom and 16 and Pregnant. Teen Mom is an American reality television series that premiered on MTV on December 8, 2009. The series is a spin-off of 16 and Pregnant and chronicles the lives of four of the original teenagers from that series as they navigate their first year of motherhood. In addition to showing the teenage motherhood, the show focuses on themes of changing relationships; specifically, those of the family, friends, couples, and school. It shows the struggles teenagers have to go through to raise their children. This show adds to the point that the media can display teenage pregnancy in a way that makes other teenagers want to become pregnant. Now people get pregnant because they have an excuse: I have social problem and now I can get pregnant. Richard Smith, a Washtenaw Community College student, states, â€Å"The American po pular culture glorifies sex and ignores responsibility. Beginning in early childhood, young people are bombarded with sexual messages. Especially from the world of media, the messages are subliminal.† The urge to have sex and get pregnancy is now stronger because of the fact that one has an encounter with media. Likewise, 16 and Pregnant is also a MTV reality television series produced by Morgan J. Freeman, and was first broadcast on June 11, 2009. It follows the stories of pregnant teenage girls in high school dealing with the hardships of teenage pregnancy. Each episode features a different teenage girl, with the episode typically beginning when she is 4 1?2–8 months into her pregnancy. Scott Brown, church member, discusses that although teenage pregnancy is not inevitable, some life circumstances place girls at higher risk of becoming teen mothers. These include poverty, poor school performance, and growing up in a single parent household. One can either have a mothe r who was an adolescent mother, or have no strong parental guidance with lack of sex education and positive media. There are teenagers who are getting pregnant just to be on these reality television shows, according to Rob Shuter. Shuter claims in an online article, â€Å"Teens Become Pregnant to get on Teen Mom,† that teenagers are getting pregnant just to get an audition on the reality television shows. Now teenagers, of course, get pregnant for many reasons, but most teens that get pregnant come from broken homes and have no strong parental guidance. The web article â€Å"Teen Help† states that despite declines in rates of teen pregnancy in the United States, about 820,000 teens become pregnant each year. That means that 34 percent of teenagers have at least one pregnancy before they turn 20. Teen Help declares that 79 percent of the teenagers who get pregnant are unmarried. According to the National Vital Statistics Reports, there is a connection with the pregnancy and divorce rates in America. This is quite interesting because many do not associate divorce with pregnancy as they think that there is no longer a sexual urge with the individuals. Divorce does not only affect the adults, but the children as well. Therefore, those children can lose the parental guidance needed to keep them from immoral ideals such as premarital sex and pregnancy. According to the article Lack of Parental Guidance Contributes to Teen Pregnancy, many pregnant teenagers do not have any cognition of the central facts of sexuality. This means that the teenagers have no idea what they are doing. This points back at the parents, because even though children get sex education in elementary, they do not get the â€Å"real† information until their parents have talked to them. The Lack of Parental Guidance Contributes to Teen Pregnancy, states that most people evade their children from talking about sex. In some cases, they provide false information regarding sex and discourage their children to participate in any informative discussion about sex. In some cases, teenage mothers are not well educated about sex before getting pregnant and thus this leads to lack of communication between the parents and the children. Steven Black, child of teenage parent states, â€Å"I think the lack of parental guidance is a strong influence on teenage pregnancy. The fact remains that more teenagers/adolescents are having babies, and the teenager would not see the problem with sex at a young age since their parents had sex at a young age.† Emily, a college student at Eastern Michigan University claims that she was pressured into having sex with her boyfriend when she was thirteen, but neither of her parents had taught her how to deal with this pressure and to say no . The lack of communication, supervision, and guidance is the main result of teenagers becoming pregnant in America. There are so many cases, such as Emily’s, where young girls have not been taught about self-respect and guided to say no to sex. There is still work to be done because the lack of education on safe sex, whether it’s from parents, schools, or otherwise, is not yet preventing teenage pregnancy. Many teenagers are not taught about methods of birth control and how to deal with peers who pressure them into having sex before they are ready. Some teens have said to be pressured into having sex with their boyfriend when the teen was young and yet no one had taught these teens how to deal with this pressure or to say no. According to an online new article, â€Å"Sex Education the Works† educating teenagers about their sexual behavior and activity create skills helps to inform them about acting on these choices. When providing sex education it can seem daunting because it means tackling a sensitive issue and involves a variety of people a parents, schools, community groups and health service providers. However, because sex education comprises many individual activities, which take place across a wide rang e of settings and periods of time, there are lots of opportunities to contribute. Nevertheless, it is often argued that teenage pregnancy has multiple results as to why it is more prevalent. In some societies, early marriage and traditional gender roles are important factors in the rate of teenage pregnancy. For example, in some sub-Saharan African countries, early pregnancy is often seen as a blessing because it is proof of the young womans fertility. In the Indian subcontinent, early marriage and pregnancy is more common in traditional rural communities compared to the rate in cities. The various areas have created an educational plan for their youth, and it has helped dramatically. Now, there are those who say that society can be blamed for many things, but teenage pregnancy is not one. Most people blame the individual teenagers for creating this epidemic across the world. There have always been parents who have not been strong figures in their child’s lives, but the child never had a teenage pregnancy. Sex education can only teach a person so much, but if one does not inhabit what they have been taught, then they really have not learned anything at all. Finally, the mass media says to do many things and portrays many negative and immoral activities, but teenagers, like any other age group, have to decide what is right and wrong. Christ Lewis, student at Washtenaw Community College and child of a teenage mother states that society can deal you a bad hand of cards, but it’s how you response to what you do with what you have been given. Schoffner claims, â€Å"Many issues through society will come forth, but you have to know how to handle it.† Of course, society has created a world for humans to fail and do wrong, but in the end the decision is up to the individual. When one looks at teenage pregnancy, especially in America, they see a high rate of pregnancies. It would make a person wonder, â€Å"Why is pregnancy prevalent in teenagers?† The answer is quite simply, yet interesting†¦teenagers who do not have strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive media reinforcement are more prone to a premarital pregnancy. Imagine a young girl, who’s in school, makes honor roll, helps her community, and is just an all-around good person. However, she has never had strong, consistent parental guidance in her life. She has never been taught about birth control, and the how to deal with peer pressure. She has the media pressuring her every day. Last week she was pressured into having sex with a guy that was cool and popular in their school, and just a few days ago she found out that she was pregnant. Now she has to go tell her parents (who have never cared before) about the news. This news is shocking, but happens every day in Am erica and throughout the world. People can blame the teenagers who get pregnant, but our society is the blame! The lack of parental guidance, sex education, and positivity media on the outlook of pregnancy has impacted the high rates of teen pregnancy across the world. Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face when it interrupts school or other plans. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is more mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss these social issues in which all have great impact on the teenagers decision on getting pregnant or not. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are becoming pregnant at such a young age. However, the information is apparent—teenaged females who lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy.

Changing Views Of The Letter A Essays - Film, English-language Films

Changing Views Of The Letter A The perception of Hester's A has changed throughout the novel. In the beginning, the scarlet letter on her chest was a symbol of her sin. It was intended to be part of her punishment by providing her with humiliation, much like on the scaffolding scene. In about the middle of the novel, the meaning of the letter changes. As mentioned earlier in the novel, Hester spends her spare time helping those less fortunate than her. She was a self-ordained sister of Mercy(Hawthorne 148). The scarlet letter on her chest was no longer a symbol of her sin but rather a symbol of her calling (Hawthorne 148). The letter gave comfort to those who were sick, it had shined on those who were suffering, and the breast that held the badge of shame was but the softer pillow for the head that needed one (Hawthorne 148). The people considered it more appropriate for the A to stand for Able (Hawthorne 148). Even though the scarlet letter was originally intended for punishment, the people didn't see it as that anymore. They grew to look at it as a token of all her good deeds, and not as a mark of her sin. The scarlet letter was compared to a cross around the neck of a nun. It gave Hester an aura of sacredness which enabled her to walk securely amid all people (Hawthorne 149). The scarlet letter had a purpose for Hester. It's purpose was part of her punishment, but as people changed their view of Hester and of the letter she felt the scarlet letter had not done it's office(Hawthorne 152). Book Reports

Talking styles Essays

Talking styles Essays Talking styles Essay Talking styles Essay Essay Topic: Talk Talking styles Name Course Date Talking styles The article â€Å"Shared talking styles herald new and lasting romance† seeks to explain why people who have similar conversation techniques and language tend to pair up and have longer lasting relationships. This essay is a critique of the article especially in relation to language Style Matching. While some of the claims in the article are true some are not realistic. Language may be an instrumental tool in any conversation but people can also communicate using non-verbal communication techniques to express their feelings and emotions. Communication between two people will never be effective if they are not paying attention to each other. Matching conversational styles stand to benefit people in any type of relationship. Verbal coordination is even more significant when the people have a romantic relationship. Applying unconscious verbal communication (Language Style Matching) between couples is said to result in stable relationships and mutual romantic interests (Bower, 2010). Actions of each partner also influence how much they will connect and relate with each other. The article does not highlight this even though most couples in a romantic relationship connect through touch, emotional tones and other means. Use of language between people depends on the type of communication being used whether written or verbal (Parker, 2010). Even with the extensive analysis in the article, written communication such as email, messages and letters are not given much premise. Accordingly, the research may not have a clear system of such types of communication because of its limiting and rigid characteristic. Face to face communication is given premise in the article. People from different work places, gender or class tend to communicate differently. Function words are used to help them connect to each other. Using function words while communicating can create a bond between two people and form a lasting relationship. However, other factors influence things that draw people towards each other. These factors include: background, interests, personal preferences and sometimes the environment. There is a general consensus among communication experts that when a couple is involved in a face-to-face conversation, a small percentage of the complete message is found in the words used. The larger percentage is contained in the type of vocal elements used such as speed, tonal variations, inflection, accent and volume (Preston, 2005). I took a Language Matching Style test (LSM) using general written samples between a dating couple between the age of 22 and 24 in the LSM website. The LSM score was 0.89 which is above average. Generally the LSM score is high in consistent conversations such a face-to-face and telephone calls. On the other hand, LSM conversations are lower in interactions that are not direct such as emails, messages and letters. LSM scores are also higher when the mindset and topic between the couple is similar. Other causes of low LSM scores include; use of very few words, different writing genres and too many IM shortcuts and misspellings. When the system is calculating written communication, they might be inaccurate. Written communication provides a clear and definite set of information to analyze conversations. However, its rigidity might limit information that might provide a broader understanding of the words used. Verbal communication on the other hand would be hard to calculate accurately using LSM because a one on one conversation is not only influenced by words but also the tone. Limitations such as use of few words and different genres of writing may also cause the calculation to be inaccurate. Language Style Matching is not a comprehensive method to predict the quality of relationships. Focusing on the type of words used and relating them to the couple is inconclusive because they are not the only determinants. Different couples communicate differently and understand each other in their own specific way. Many people relate more when they use other methods to communicate such as gestures and other actions. Words are also limiting and do not allow people to express their true feelings. Words without actions can also cause misunderstandings and miscommunication between people. References Bower, B. (November, 2010). Shared talking styles herald new and lasting romance. Science News. Retrieved from www.usnews.com/science/articles/ . Preston, P. (January 01, 2005). Nonverbal communication: do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management / American College of Healthcare Executives, 50, 2. Parker, J. (2010). Communication. New York: Weigl Publishers.

Management & Budgetary Control and the Beyond Budgeting debate Essay - 1

Management & Budgetary Control and the Beyond Budgeting debate - Essay Example Various advantages can come up from incorporating beyond budgeting technique in an organization. One of these is the fact that people get to improve in their creativity in the business market. Beyond budgeting requires the involved individuals or rather company members to provide plans that would lead to the production of a new commodity (Blyth 68). New commodities require a lot of attention because many people are keen on the details of the commodity in order to assess whether it can act as a substitute product. This thus offers companies opportunities to become market leaders in some fields (Martin and Hau 47). The fact that competition is a contemporary issue in the marketing sector is another factor to understand. Businesses have developed over time where they are required to attain certain market characteristics in order to retain or rather earn a certain position in an industry. These companies thus compete to attain these characteristics faster than their rivals in order to attract more companies. This strategy works effectively and is a result of beyond buying (Henry 64) There are various disadvantages however that come along with the beyond budgeting technique. The major disadvantage is that the companies risk losing their customers. The reason for this is indirect though (Fleisher 78). When companies engage in beyond budgeting, they take up activities that seek to prove that they are superior to the rival company. This normally has the effect of the companies not paying attention to the actual requirements of the customers but rather work while reviewing the performance of the other companies to identify its market position. The normal result of this is the depreciation of the commodities produced by the companies (Gregory 32). There is also the issue of unhealthy competition. Unhealthy competition happens when two industries within a

Institutional Theory in Governmental Organizations Literature review

Institutional Theory in Governmental Organizations - Literature review Example This pressure has forced many of them to adopt new strategies such as Institutional Theory and Performance Measurement Systems, in order to overcome this pressure. Factors making Institutional Theory applicable in the Public Sector There has been an increasing pressure, for governmental and other nonprofit organizations to adopt strategies such as Institutional Theory. It is claimed that these new strategies, will make them act more like profit-making organizations than just nonprofit organizations. According to Oliver (1997, p. 697-698), governmental organizations are more vulnerable to all the three types of institutional forces than other profit-making organizations. As he explains, researchers have shown that the susceptibility of public sector organizations to institutional pressures is extremely high due to the many stakeholders and customers that it serves. All this pressure has doomed it highly necessary for the governmental organizations to adopt strategies such as Instituti onal Theory and Performance Measurement. According to Peter and Joseph (2004, p. 283-285), the pressure that the public sector is experiencing, mainly comes from the non-profit organizations that rely on the government for funding. It is argued that non-profit organizations have grown in numbers and have evolved from small-locally owned to large, national owned organizations. Therefore, these organizations are pressuring the governmental sector more. This is because they require more funds to accomplish their elevated goals and sustain their large workforce. The state is another stakeholder that is pressuring the public sector in many countries. According to Brunson and Olsen (1993, p. 44-46), many governmental and nonprofit organizations are owned by the state or the government in many countries. Therefore, it is argued that many governments place a lot of pressure on their organizations, in order to gather popularity from the citizens. As Grafstein (1992, p. 223-225), the governme ntal organizations are also currently facing another pressure from the many customers that they serve. As he points out, many profit-making organizations have been applying the concepts of intuitional theory in their firms, so as to maintain and attract more customers. According to Katz and Khan (1978, p. 147), the services and goods being provided by the private and many other profit-making organizations are far much better compared to the ones provided by the same organizations owned by the government. As Grafstein explains, this has resulted in the governmental organizations’ customers demanding the same quality goods and services as the ones provided in the profit-making organizations. Therefore, it is claimed that many governmental and nonprofit organizations are adopting the Institutional Theory in their institutions to enable them to overcome this pressure.

Health Education and Technology Essay Example for Free

Health Education and Technology Essay According to Bastable, â€Å"Technology has had such an impact on workforce training that it has given birth to a new industry and a new set of buzz words that define an Information Age approach to staff education. † (2007, p. 548) Thus, the inclusion of technology early on, as in its integration to education, has been deemed necessary. However, due to the evolution of technology, curriculum design and implementation in the field of health education will undergo a series of changes and modifications. These various changes will be determined based on the outcomes of technological evolution, the perceived potential of technology to change the landscape of health education in the future, and the educational theories, principles, approaches, etc. developed by respected members of the academic institution through research studies. According to Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andusyszyn, â€Å"Curricuralists should gather data about technology and informatics for health care and education, as well as expected developments† (2008, p. 13) Based on pertinent information gathered by academicians, the focal point and foundations of curriculum design are expected to change. Apart from the traditional contents of the curriculum, the scope of curriculum design should be broadened in order to include the â€Å"e-health paradigm of heath care† (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, Andrusyszyn, 2008, p. 113), literacy in information technology, health education across disciplines, and health education in the changing world. In addition, due to the impact and contributions of technology to the field of health, allowing the course nursing informatics to become compulsory will help in opening up opportunities for the improvement of curriculum design through the undeviating inclusion of technology and informatics. When we think about it, making nursing informatics compulsory makes the course an important learning area or aspect of health education. Consequently, much needed attention will be diverted to the improvement of the course by making course objectives, contents, instructional processes, and so on, up-to-date. Thus, the quality of health education, due to its appropriateness with current technology, will also improve. Just as curriculum design changes due to the evolution of technology, the implementation of the curriculum during instruction is also expected to change. As Bradshaw and Lowenstein (2006) have discussed, the delivery of the curriculum as influenced not only by traditional concepts in education but also by technology â€Å"require organized and planned educational experiences that are guided to promote lifelong learning as well as individually motivational and experiential learning activities that involve a variety of experiential teaching methods† (p. 272). Due to the inclusion of technology in the curriculum, the process of instruction will become more complex such that the assessment of the students and the selection of instructional tools, methods, and approaches are not merely based on student interests, learning capacities, learning content, etc. but also on the kinds of technology that fits the curriculum content. (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2006) In terms of the instruction, the instructional process is facilitated by the use of technology. However, when it comes to learning content, the integration of technological concepts become necessary. In addition, the scope of learning content also varies from time to time since available technological tools and devices intended to facilitate heath education and health care processes change over time. For these reasons, diversity and variation should be accepted and acknowledged by academic institutions since the curriculum design and the implementation of the curriculum shall change along with the evolution of technology along the way.

Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great Expectations by Charles

Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens `Lord of the Flies`, by William Golding was written in 1954 almost a century after Charles Dickens wrote `Great Expectations`, in 1860. Both of the novels are considered as being classics and have been made into films and the books while seeming completely different do have similarities although they are in different social, historical and cultural settings. The frameworks of the books are completely different, `Lord of the Flies` starts as a traditional boy's adventure story like `Coral Island`, by R.M. Ballantyne, however it is subverted to a dark, menacing story about how people behave when the constraints of society are removed. The island is a microcosm of society, and in the book we see examples of hierarchy, the social divide, human nature, and how the boys, with no adults, start to rely on their basic savage instincts. `Great Expectations` is mainly about the divides between the rich and the poor, a popular theme in the Victorian times as the industrial revolution had broadened and highlighted the divide, however both books do reflect on society, and the weakness of human nature. Both the books, while having a traditional framework, have an original element. Not many memoirs are as strange and varied as Pip's, and not many boy's adventure stories turn as dark and menacing as Golding's novel. In the opening chapters the settings of the books are contrasting, in `Lord of the Flies`, the boys are in tropical splendor, (the pool) "It was clear to the bottom and bright with the efflorescence of tropical weed and coral" (pg 17), while in `Great Expectations` the opening chapter is set in a graveyard, which is dank a... ...agwitch in his torn, coarse and disheveled state, "A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped". From this the reader can see that, although the opening chapters of both novels seem completely unrelated, in fact when the reader looks more closely, many parallels can be seen. For example though the settings are very diverse, one being a wind swept moor, and the other being a tropical island, both are menacing. Although these books were written almost a century apart, and at first seem to be on different topics, many of the key features are the same, and many of the characters posses similar qualities.

Cultural Awareness in Nursing Practice

Introduction In this essay my aim is to describe and discuss my own Filipino cultural background and how it might influence my nursing practice. Culture is our way of living (Wepa, 2005). It is also shaped by our values, beliefs, norms, and practices that are shared by members of the same cultural group (Giger & Davidhizar, 1995). I will be discussing some of the values and traits that we Filipinos have in common such as pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that show respect to our elders, kagandahang loob or shared humanity, (pakikipagkapwa-tao or regard for others, bayanihan or comradeship or cooperation and lastly, tiwala sa Diyos or trust in God. I will also include some of our shared traditions and beliefs and try to link my cultural experiences to my nursing practice. Brief Background of the Philippines Philippine is located in Southeast Asia, with Manila as its capital city. Filipinos are basically of Malay ancestry, though proof of foreign influence can be trailed in our culture. We are actually a blend of different cultures rolled into one. For three centuries we were under the Spanish colony, as a result, there is a significant amount of Spanish and Mexican influence in our customs and traditions. Then later, under the American regime for four decades and their obvious contribution to us is the English language. Other ethnic groups such as the Chinese and Japanese have also influenced our way of living. Pagmamano, po at opo or gestures that show respect to our elders Pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that show respect to elders go hand in hand. Pagmamano is holding an elder’s one hand and placing on your forehead and the phrases po at opo are used to show respect and courtesy when talking to someone in authority and elder. Filipinos are not used to calling people in authority by their first names; we say their designation first before their name, as we consider calling them by their names as rude and mal educada or uneducated. I wish to take this trait of showing respect to the lders and to everyone in my nursing practice by advocating and protecting the rights of the client in order to prevent harm and recognizing their culture when it comes to collecting and storing health information (NCNZ, 2005). I can also apply this trait in my interaction with my colleagues by valuing their personal culture and contribution to the team. Kagandahang loob or shared humanity and Bayanih an or comradeship Kagandahang loob or shared humanity refers to being able to help others in time of needs. Related to this is the bayanihan or comradeship which Filipinos are famous for. We come in unity to help our family or the community in one spirit in attaining a common goal. Best example is in time of calamity; we gather together and extend our helping hands to those who need them without expecting in return. It is an act of selflessness, willing to be of service for other’s welfare. Showing hospitality to strangers is also an example of kagandahang loob that we are famous of, not that we are the only one that is hospitable. Even the humblest home along the road can be offered as a temporary shelter for a stranger who has lost his way. We consider it also impolite to not invite an unexpected visitor that arrived during mealtime, to sit down and share what we have on the table. In cases that the unexpected visitor needs to stay for the night, he or she will be offered the best room in the house to the extent of having the host to sleep in the sala or lounge. This trait I intend to instil in my nursing practice by being fair and truthful to my client and colleagues, by being competent in what I do thus preventing and ensuring that I am practising ethically. Shared traditions and beliefs When I was a child, my family had lived at our Lola’s (grandmother) rural home. She was a tough lady, always want everything tidy and in place. One dinner time, we were all sitting and having our meal quietly, no one was allowed to speak as it was her sacred rule that it was rude to talk while eating; she also had this habit of observing us, as if she’s waiting for us to make mistakes. She noticed that I wasn’t eating the head of the fish; she then called my attention and told me that I should eat the head of the fish as well because it makes us brighter and smarter. Thinking of what she said, I innocently asked her â€Å"how if the fish was dumb? †. I got into trouble by asking that. I grew up following traditions and believed many beliefs that have been passed down from many generations to the next. For instance, we have these beliefs in child rearing of causes of a child’s disability have something to do with the mother not following her dietary practises during pregnancy. For example, eating crabs would cause an unborn baby to have clubbed fingers and toes, eating dark foods such as grapes, squids and chocolates would make the baby to have dark skin.

Cadency, Marshalling, Arms for Women

While the use of distinguishing symbols have been adopted by the worlds tribes and nations stretching back into ancient history, heraldry as we now define it first became established in Europe following the Norman Conquest of Britain in 1066, rapidly gaining in popularity during the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. More properly referred to as armory, heraldry is a system of identification that uses hereditary personal devices portrayed on shields and later as crests, on surcoats (worn over armor), bardings (armor and trappings for horses), and banners (personal flags used throughout the middle ages), to assist in the identification of knights in battle and in tournaments. These distinctive devices, marks, and colors, most commonly referred to as coats of arms for the display of arms on surcoats, were first adopted by the greater nobility. By the mid-13th century, however, coats of arms were also in extensive use by lesser nobility, knights, and those who later came to be known as gentlemen. Inheritance of Coats of Arms By custom during the middle ages, and later by law through granting authorities, an individual coat of arms belonged to one man only, being passed from him to his male-line descendants. There is, therefore, no such thing as a coat of arms for a surname. Basically, it is one man, one arm, a reminder of the origin of heraldry as a means of instant recognition in the thick of battle. Because of this descent of coats of arms through families, heraldry is very important to genealogists, providing evidence of family relationships. Of special significance: Cadency - The sons in each generation inherit the paternal shield, but alter it slightly in a tradition known as cadency with the addition of some mark which, in theory at least, is perpetuated in their branch of the family. The eldest son also follows this tradition but reverts back to the paternal coat of arms upon the death of his father.Marshaling - When families were merged through marriage it was common practice to also merge or combine their respective coat of arms. This practice, known as marshaling, is the art of arranging several coats of arms in one shield, for the purpose of denoting the alliances of a family. Several common methods include impaling, placing the arms of the husband and wife side by side on the shield; escutcheon of pretense, placing the arms of the wifes father on a small shield in the center of the husbands shield; and quartering, commonly used by children to display the arms of their parents, with the fathers arms in the first and fourth quarters, and t heir mothers in the second and third.​Bearing of Arms by Women - Women have always been able to inherit arms from their fathers and to receive grants of coats of arms. They can only pass these inherited arms on to their children if they have no brothers, however - making them heraldic heiresses. Since a woman usually did not wear armor in the Middle Ages, it became a convention to display the coat of arms of her father in a lozenge (diamond) shaped field, rather than a shield, if widowed or unmarried. When married, a woman could bear the shield of her husband upon which her arms are marshaled. Granting of Coats of Arms Coats of arms are granted by the Kings of Arms in England and the six counties of Northern Ireland, the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland, and the Chief Herald of Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. The College of Arms holds the official register of all coats of arms or heraldry in England and Wales. Other countries, including the United States, Australia, and Sweden, also maintain records of or allow people to register coats of arms, though no official restrictions or laws are imposed on the bearing of arms. The traditional method of displaying a coat of arms is called an achievement of arms and consists of six basic parts: The Shield The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms is known as the shield. This comes from the fact that in medieval times the shield borne on the arm of a knight was ornamented with various devices in order to identify him to his friends in the midst of battle. Also known as a heater, the shield displays the unique colors and charges (lions, designs, etc. that appear on the shield) used to identify a particular individual or their descendants. Shield shapes may vary according to their geographical origin as well as the time period. The shape of the shield is not part of the official blazon. The Helm The helm or helmet is used to indicate the rank of the bearer of the arms from the gold full-faced helm of royalty to the steel helmet with closed visor of a gentleman. The Crest   By the end of the 13th century many nobles and knights had adopted a secondary hereditary device called a crest. Most commonly made of feathers, leather, or wood, the crest has traditionally been used to help distinguish the helm, similar to the device on the shield. The Mantle Originally intended to shield the knight from the heat of the sun and to ward off rain, the mantle is a piece of cloth placed over the helmet, draping down the back to the base of the helm. The fabric is typically two-sided, with one side being of a heraldic color (the principal colors are red, blue, green, black, or purple), and the other a heraldic metal (typically white or yellow). The color of the mantling in a coat of arms most often mirrors the main colors of the shield, although there are many exceptions. The mantle, contoise, or lambrequin is often embellished on the artistic, or paper, coat of arms to give prominence to the arms and crest, and is usually presented as ribbons over the helm. The Wreath The wreath is a twisted silken scarf used to cover the joint where the crest is attached to the helmet. Modern heraldry depicts the wreath as if two colored scarves had been braided together, the colors showing alternately. These colors are the same as the first named metal and the first named color in the blazon, and are known as the colors. The Motto Not officially granted with a coat of arms, mottos are a phrase which incorporates the basic philosophy of the family or an ancient war cry. They may or may not be present on an individual coat of arms, and are normally placed below the shield or occasionally above the crest.